*Case 1.A [#g20254c7] *Case 2.D [#g20254c7] **The causes of fatigue [#w768f17a] > Welding defects were included at the time of fabrication. An inappropriate structural detail had been adopted. **Approaches to repairing and retrofitting [#t59204e8] > Removal of crack. re-weld + post weld surface treatments > **LINK [#n9482f93] -[[Section L-2C]] -[[Steel bridge on highway I-75, Georgia, USA]] > Grind out and Hole saw Hole-drilling or welding, followed by Ultrasonic Impact Treatment (UIT) -[[Gulf Outlet Br.]] > Crack removal