*Case 1.A [#md49eb8c] *Case 3.B [#md49eb8c] **The causes of fatigue [#g4b3c133] > Welding defects were included at the time of fabrication. Stresses and deformations unforeseen in design occurred. **Approaches to repairing and retrofitting [#ba0d4ef8] > Removal of crack. re-weld > **LINK [#b6f4ff9f] -[[Section L-2C]] -[[Steel bridge on Hanshin Expressway]] > Grind out and Hole saw Replacement and welding -[[Gulf Outlet Br.]] -[[Severn Crossing]] > Crack removal Re-welding, Plate welding or Cut away and ice plate